Dr. Zea Malawa traces the history of anti-Black oppression in the United States and its impact on maternal and infant health. This is followed by a discussion of the Racism as a Root Cause approach, an essential framework to advance anti-racist policies and interventions.Dr. Zea Malawa traces the history of anti-Black oppression in the United States and its impact on maternal and infant health. This is followed by a discussion of the Racism as a Root Cause approach, an essential framework to advance anti-racist policies and interventions.